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CHADŌ - DER TEEWEG • Thema anzeigen - Kyôjo - Diplome

Kyôjo - Diplome

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Kyôjo - Diplome

Beitragvon sensei » Mittwoch 30. September 2009, 16:51

An anderer Stelle in diesem Forum wurde die Frage nach den "Diplomen" gestellt, die von den Teeschulen vergeben werden.

In den einzelnen Teeschulen werden je nach Fortschritt Kyôjo vergeben. Wir bezeichnen Kyôjo in der deutschen Sprache als Diplome, aberr genau gesehen sind das keine Diplome. Diplome werden in Deutschland nur von Hochschulen und nur nach Prüfungen vergeben. Die Kyôjo entsprechen aber keinerlei akademischen Graden. Sie sollen lediglich den Lernfortschritt widerspiegeln und sind mit den Gürtelfarben in den Kampfsportarten zu vergleichen.

Je nach Schule gibt es verschiedene Praktiken zur Vergabe der Diplome. Bei der Urasenke sagt das Diplom, dass man die Erlaubnis erhalten hat, die entsprechenden Zeremonien zu studieren. Wer ein bestimmtes Diplom erhalten hat, kann also noch keineswegs die Zeremonien, die zu diesem Kyôjo gehören. Andere Schulen vergeben Kyôjo, wenn man die Zeremonien der entsprechenden Stufe bereits gelernt hat.

Die Kyôjo werden zwar vom Lehrer an den Schüler gegeben, er selbst darf sie - mindestens bei der Urasenke - nicht ausstellen. Er beantragt sie vielmehr bei der Zentralverwaltung und formal vergibt sie nur der Iemoto.
Manche Lehrer vergeben regelmäßig die weiteren Kyojo, manche verteilen sie nur sehr selten. Es gibt also auch innerhalb der Urasenke keine einheitliche Praxis.

Manche Lehrer weigern sich, die Zeremonien zu unterrichten, wenn man nicht das entsprechende Kyôjo hat, anderen sind die Kyôjo ziemlich gleichgültig. Mein erster Lehrer hat alle Zeremonien unterrichtet ohne das entsprechende Diplom. Andere Lehrer schicken die Schüler aus dem Raum, wenn Zeremonien geübt werden, für die sie noch keine Diplome haben.

Im Prinzip sollten die Kyôjo ein Lernanreiz sein. Nachdem aber eine recht willkürliche Vergabepraxis herrscht, scheinen sie im Wesentlichen ihren Sinn verloren zu haben.
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Re: Kyôjo - Diplome

Beitragvon yuki » Donnerstag 1. Oktober 2009, 08:05

Gibt es eine Zusammenstellung der "Diplome", die die Urasenke vergibt?
Ich würde gern mal wissen, wieviele das sind.
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Re: Kyôjo - Diplome

Beitragvon sensei » Freitag 2. Oktober 2009, 08:22

Die Bestätigungen sind stufenweise aufgebaut vom Anfänger über den Fortgeschrittenen bis hin zum letzten Diplom für Lehrer.

Für die Anfänger gibt es:

Iremon - Eingangsstufe, die zum Üben aller hira-tenmae berechtigt.
Chabakodate - Zeremonien mit Reise-Kästchen, die alle Teeutensilien enthalten. Chabakodate war früher eine Fortgeschrittenen Zeremonie. Wer dieses Diplom hatte, konnte auch die Lehrbestätigung bekommen. Heute zählt Chabakodate zu den Anfängerzeremonien.
Konnarai - kleine Überlieferung. Hierzu zählen 16 Zeremonien jeweils für Ro und für Furo, also eigentlich 32 Zeremonien.
Als Seitenform gibt es die
Chabako - zweimaliger Koicha mit einer Chaire und einer Natsume in einem Kasten.
Manchmal wird Chabako zu den Konnarai gezählt, manchmal aber schon zu den geheimen Shikaden.

Für die Fortgeschrittenen beginnt die geheime Überlieferung. Diese Zeremonien dürfen heute noch nicht veröffetnlicht werden. Offiziell dürfen sich die Teeschüler auch keine Aufzeichnungen machen.

Shikaden - Vier Koicha Zeremonien (natürlich jeweils für Ro und Furo). Bei den ersten drei Zeremonien werden nur chinesische Utensilien verwendet:
Karamono - Chinesische Chaire
Bondate - chinesische Chaire zusammen mit einem chinesischen Tablett
Daitenmoku - chinesischer Tenmoku Chawan

Wakin - Bei der letzten zu den Shikaden gezählten Zeremonien werden japanische Stoffe aus der frühen Narazeit verwendet.

Die folgenden Zeremonien zählen zur eigentlichen "inneren geheimen Überlieferung", zum okuden.
Hauptbestandteil sind 12 Daisu Zeremonien, von denen aber in der Regel nur noch 2 unterrichtet werden. Die anderen 10 Zeremonien sind derart "geheim", dass die meisten Teelehrer nichts von ihrer Existenz wissen.
Die beiden unterrichteten Formen jeweils mit eigenem Zertifikat sind:

Gyo-no-gyo-daisu
Shin-no-gyo-daisu.

Heute kann nach dem Shin-no-gyo-daisu die Lehrberechtigung hikitsugi erteilt werden.
Dazu gibt es noch als Seitenformen Zeremonien, bei denen zweimal Koicha zubereitet wird:

Dai-en-no-sô
Dai-en-no-shin
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Re: Kyôjo - Diplome

Beitragvon sensei » Freitag 2. Oktober 2009, 08:44

In einem anderen Forum habe ich eine Diskussion über die Kyojo gefunden, die ich hier einstellen möchte:

Zitat:

Concept
Kyojo is a permission to study a certain group of temae. Nyumon encompass the first temae each student is thought. Logically you should be given this kyojo upon your enrollment for a Tea class. To this day I have never heard of anyone receiving this before starting to learn. Most people that I have talked to have received Nyumon, Chabako and Konarai as a group when they are about ready to start learning the Konarai temae. I my self received them only after having studyed both Chabako and Konarai for a while.

Permission to study and/or proof of achievement
I think everybody are familiar with the belt system of the many different martial arts. In most you will have a grading, which take place at one of your clubs events. All the members of club are welcome to attend and watch as you prove that you are worthy of the next grade.
I have heard that some teachers do a similar thing for Tea. I was told by my teacher that he would watch the Shikaden temae I was about to perform and decide whether or not I was ready/worthy of the Okuden kyojo. Others have a test where the student must be prepared to do any of the Konarai, and they will draw one or two on random like an exam.
From what I have witnessed I conclude that even if the true meaning of kyojo is a permission to study it also infers a proof of achievements to a certain degree. You even get a nice calligraphy that you can hang on your wall to display your achievements.

There is more than one way to obtain a kyojo
Ideally I assume that you would be given a kyojo at the point in time when your teacher deems you ready to start learning the more advanced temae. There is a lot of buts with this, especially for people outside Japan. I'll talk about some of them later on. Here is a few different ways you might obtain a kyojo:

Maybe you can just ask your teacher kindly if he or she thinks you are ready for the next kyojo. In places with out a local teacher you may not be allowed to make this request yourself, it is the president of the local association that must request it for you. This was the case when I got my Shikaden kyojo.

Some people has gotten their kyojo by requesting it directly from Oiemoto or Daisosho because all other methods failed. The request was probably done through Kokusaibu.

You could be at a party with a high ranking official were the topic of kyojo is brought up by one student who was dissatisfied with her kyojo level in relation to the long time she had studdied. The official my than utter the words "Every body up one level." followed by a stern look at the Tea teacher that happened to be at the same party. Sounds unreal right? Well it's the way I got Nyumon, Chabako and Konarai. We had requested it from our teacher, but no progress had been made until the party.

There are rumors about teachers who push kyojo on their student once a year, or the minimum interval. You ask, why would a teacher do that? Greed! You probably know that there is a fee associated with the kyojo. A significant amount of that fee is for the teacher. So the teacher has economical reasons for doing this. Up the same alley of greed are the rumors that some "teachers" let students just buy the kyojo with out studying.

According to rumors some people are bestowed a kyojo of the highest level as an honor, much like an honorary doctor at a university. When I heard about this I did not like it, but the more I think about it the more I realize that this is very much in line with the principle that kyojo are permission to study and to prof of achievements.

The use of kyojo
Kyojo is a permission to study a group of temae, from this I logically conclude that if you do not have the kyojo you should not be allowed to study the temae. This logic gets very iffy with Nyumon, but I have certainly heard it practiced with Shikaden.

When are you studying a temae? Tea students are practiced in learning by watching their fellow students do temae. There is a commonly used expression kengaku which means to study by watching. So are you studying a temae by watching your sempai do it? I have witnessed three distinctly different views on this:

Yes! You may be asked to leave the room when they are doing the temaes you do not have permissions to learn. I have seen this practiced with Shikaden and Okuden, but never with the lower temae. I guess there is no point in preventing a student from seeing a particular temae when that same students can buy a book or video showing the temae in great details.

No! It is just plainly impractical to ask students to leave the room while their sempai does a temae. Not to mention who are you going to handle this if you only have one or two students with the kyojo. You'd probably want one of them being the host, the other to prepare for next temae, who then will be the guests?

Who cares? Some teachers will teach you any temae as long as you pay the lesson fee and have the necessare knowledge/skill. Usually that means you must be able to do the lower temaes with only minor mistakes, and you already know the major points of the new temae.

As mentioned I have witnessed all these. I have been asked to leave the Tea-room while my sempai did Shikaden, but I have also been invited back to the same room to fill the role as guest because they ran out of people. And I have found teachers and sempais that thought me Shikaden and Okuden long before I got the kyojo for it.

Tagged along with the kyojo are a set of other permissions and licenses. Namely Hikitsugi, Sei-Hikitsugi, Chamei and Monkyo. Especially the first two are troublesome in use. They are the assisting teacher and teacher license. I guess that all but the most fortunate of Tea-students have at some point or another been to classes thought by their sempais, most of which did not have the licenses. I know I did. My first teacher was not licensed. I started teaching even before I knew what kyojo was, which was probably not the best of idead but there was no one else that could do it.

Conclusion
Personally I like the kyojo, they give me a sense of achievements. When I was a new student they gave me something to strive for. The secret temaes were very exciting to learn, as you had to puzzle the information together from what different teachers and sempai told you. However, I wish they kyojo was officially treated as token of achievements. Because today I feel they are related to achievements and not to permission, but the official policy is the opposite.

Zitat Ende

Wie man an diesem Zitat sieht, wird das Kyojo-system durchaus unterschiedlich gehandhabt. Manche Lehrer "zwingen" den Schülern förmlich die Kyojo auf, andere weigern sich beharrlich, sie zu vergeben.
Und es gibt durchaus Fälle, in denen Schüler innerhalb von einem halben Jahr sämtliche Kyojo bekommen haben.

Einerseits könne die Kyojo also ein Anreiz zum Lernen sein, andererseits sind sie auch ein Machtmittel in der Hand des Lehrers. Wer brav ist, bekommt - eventuell - Kyojo. Es ist die Frage, ob ein solches doch recht willkürlich gehandhabtes System in die heutige Zeit passt!
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Re: Kyôjo - Diplome (Konnarai)

Beitragvon yuki » Sonntag 4. Oktober 2009, 08:46

Welches sind denn die 16 Konnarai - Zeremonien?
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Re: Kyôjo - Diplome / Konnarai

Beitragvon sensei » Montag 5. Oktober 2009, 09:16

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